Stenner et al, 2020, conducted a systematic literature review to determine the reason why older adults participate in sport. The authors included studies reporting older adults participate in sport to improve their health and well-being. However, the authors discovered sport participation also provided opportunities for having social interactions, feeling a sense of belonging to a community, creating relationships, experiencing competition, achieving goals, and as a positive contribution to the overall attitude of healthy aging.
Neuroplasticity is a theory which says the brain changes its structure to accommodate developmental changes and learning. Research shows by learning or practicing a new skill, a person’s brain expands in volume in the areas relevant to the skills you’re performing or the information you are learning. The brain expansion is theorised to lead to an increase in grey matter tissue in the central nervous system and therefore increases cells like neurons which are responsible for thinking, reasoning, movement and so much more. Additionally, studies have shown acquiring and performing new motor skills can be as cognitively challenging as other intellect-based activities (e.g. crossword puzzles). So, a new sport can be just as effective at helping your brain grow in the same way as conventional brain challenges. In addition, trying a new athletic activity stimulates the motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the brain and helps to increase myelination. Myelin is a protein which surrounds parts of the neuron and acts sort of like the insulation cover on an electrical wire. This allows the neurons to communicate more effectively since the electrical impulses inside the body travel can travel more easily. (Kamakawa 2021).